CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile) are shorthand for the two older radio systems (also known as 2G and 3G) used in mobile phones. GSM is used in most other parts of the world. The global popularity of GSM is because in 1987, Europe passed a law to enforce the technology, and because GSM comes from an industry alliance. What we call CDMA is largely owned by the chip manufacturer Qualcomm. This makes it cheaper for third parties to build GSM equipment. So why are so many American operators adopting CDMA? CDMA is the latest, hottest and fastest technology. Compared with GSM at that time, it provided greater capacity, better call quality and greater potential.

It is much easier to change a mobile phone on a GSM network, because the GSM operator puts customer information on a removable SIM card. Take the card out and put it in another phone. The new phone now has your number. In addition, to be considered GSM, the operator must accept any phone that complies with the GSM standard. Therefore, the GSM operator cannot fully control the mobile phone you use.

In the United States, CDMA operators use network-based whitelists to authenticate their users. This means that you can only switch phones with the operator’s permission, and the operator does not have to accept any specific phones on their network. It can, but usually, US carriers choose not to do so.

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